It is primarily an agricultural community in Tulare County. Before the 2008 housing market crash, the housing supply or inventory peaked at a 13-month supply. While we strive to provide a wide range offers, Bankrate does not include information about every financial or credit product or service. Masonite is closing a manufacturing site in Stockton, California and laying off 59 employees, according to a WARN notice filed this week. Whenever a homeowner fails to make mortgage payments, the government takes over the property and calls it a foreclosure. Fees and taxes can vary from one county to another. The median price of a Southern California home or the price at the midpoint of all sales fell to $670,000 in January, CoreLogic reported. Fresno is now the fifth-largest city in California, with a population of 526,147 in 2020, according to the Census Bureaus 2020 American Community Survey. Among other things, this report showed that demand among home buyers has declined during 2022. With so many residents, it is no surprise that the demand for houses is far greater than the current supply of homes. If not, then we will push it back, Robinson said. Staging your home largely involves cleaning, rearranging, or renting furniture and other aesthetic tactics to make your home visually appealing. How will interest rates affect the housing market? Redfin data for the California housing market shows that home prices fell 4.2 percent from December 2021 to December 2022. Financial market participants anticipate the Fed raising its target Fed funds rate by 175 to 200 basis points from current levels. Look up here. Founded in 1976, Bankrate has a long track record of helping people make smart financial choices. You dont need to time the market when you can get the maximum exposure by listing your property on MLS. Yet, there is no guarantee of higher appraisal or the lender's acceptance. 1-year Value Change: +3.0% 27 Median days to pending 1.000 Median sale-to-list ratio 40% Percent of sales over list price 47.5% Percent of Lenders charge interest rates on a mortgage. While others believe that due to the higher interest rates, sellers will lower their prices to current levels. The states popularity reflects its population size of nearly 40 Million residents, the largest in the nation. Sellers can crack a great deal by leveraging high buyer demand. If you have bills to pay, such as credit card balances, student loans, or asset installments, it is always better to clear them before making a huge commitment. . A 2016 study by McKinsey Global Institute estimated that California needs 3.5 million new housing units by 2025 to deal with its chronic housing shortage. When his roommate decided to move in October, Jackson chose to look again, this time seeking deals swirling in the crosscurrents of the real estate fallout. Mortgage rates are almost back up to their 2022 peak of 7.08%. The inevitable results are a decline in prices and sales. Median home price $839,460 - Redfin data shows that in December 2022, California home prices were down less than 5 percent from the year before. Home Inspector California: Check out the best home inspectors available in your area. who ensure everything we publish is objective, accurate and trustworthy. Home prices have risen in Sacramento but are still comparatively affordable. An improved appraisal value means a more or easier loan to buy the house. The It makes it easy to determine what types of real estate properties are in demand. A housing market bubble refers to a steep incline in prices with increasing demand and limited supply. The median sale price in Sacramento rose by 14.8%, from $425,000 in February 2021 to $488,000 in February 2022. Current Housing Market Trend 2022: According to the Redfin data, the total number of homes sold this year was at an all-time low of 37.5% compared to the last year. Get to know about who pays the buyer agent in a for sale by owner transaction. WebReal Estate, Homes for Sale, MLS Listings, Agents | Redfin Lets take a closer look at the California housing market. Homebuyer income is going further and doing more than anytime during the past 15 years due to increased borrowing capacity brought on This state has a highly diverse population and an equally diverse real estate market. Selling a house is not an easy task in a slow market. One of the biggest findings in the analysis of Californias major housing markets is the rise in home prices in Irvine. As mortgage lenders in California make it harder to get a loan, home affordability suffers and reduces the demand. Take our 3 minute quiz and match with an advisor today. 51% of homeowners still believe that now is a good time to sell a home. Agents are licensed professionals who can help you navigate the entire process. It is important to select how you want to sell your house. Home prices rose 20 percent in 2020, according to Zillow, and in Boise, Go Back to California graffiti has been sprayed along the highways. Key Market Stats for the California Housing Market: As of the latest compiled housing report with data through Aug 2022. Still, you can manage to buy a house and get a better deal. The past 12 months have been a rollercoaster ride for the California Real Estate market. Major changes in a countrys demographics can have a long-term impact on current housing market trends. Once your house sells, youll need to buy another one, so youll have to bid against other buyers in an overvalued market. It is home to three of Bankrates top five most expensive places to buy a home, and most necessities are costlier than national averages. They are broadly categorized into 4 key segments. Mar 1, 2023. I cover real estate, economics and cost of living. The median home price in the Fresno area is $394,000, up 6.4% over last year. Here's an explanation for how we make money The Sacramento housing markets months of supply of homes held steady, falling from 0.8 months of supply in February 2021 to 0.7 months of supply in February 2022, although both figures are well off from the 1.5 months of supply of homes in February 2020. As a result, supply increases, and prices drop. Whereas we used to see double digits appreciation in home prices year over year, as of Aug 2022, the latest data available, we are down to just a 1.4% increase in price from last year. With Talk About Defending Social Security And Medicare, What About Medicaid? In short, huge supply and minimum demand. A new report from the states Realtor association shed some light on the latest housing market trends for California, as of summer 2022. Given the uncertainty, would-be home buyers have much to ponder. Existing home sales: 313,540 - a 24% drop from 2021. Want to get a net proceeds estimate? Affordability index: 16% - down 7% from last year. Bankrate follows a strict editorial policy, so you can trust that were putting your interests first. Existing home sales: 313,540 - a 24% drop from 2021. Overall, homes in California are slightly less expensive than they were one year ago but only very slightly. It is important to freshen up the curb appeal before potential buyers arrive. Reports are updated with last month's data by the third week of the current month. Mortgage rates have also shrunk affordability to just 19% in California, further compounding the problem. Get Preapproved for a Mortgage Online: Find out how you can get your mortgage approved digitally. Buyer Closing Cost Calculator: Evaluate the approximate closing costs for buyers in your area. Last year has been sizzling hot for sellers as Irvine home values went up 21.2%. Over the last decade, the cost of building multifamily housing in California has spiked by about 25%, according to a 2020 report by the Terner Center for Housing Innovation at UC Berkeley. So, whether youre reading an article or a review, you can trust that youre getting credible and dependable information. Jeff Lazerson, president of Mortgage Grader in Laguna Niguel, said he thinks buyer skittishness is why many deals fall apart in escrow. That represents a 133% increase in mortgage rates in less than nine months. Other factors, such as our own proprietary website rules and whether a product is offered in your area or at your self-selected credit score range can also impact how and where products appear on this site. The offers that appear on this site are from companies that compensate us. Interestingly enough, last year, at the same time, they would only have had to make $150,800 a year. In California, CoreLogic told Nexstar the below 10 metro areas are most likely to see price drops over the next year. It can be fixed or variable depending upon the mortgage lender. Explore multiple ways to sell your home fast for cash. On the other hand, the appraisal value is an amount chosen by a skilled appraiser to assist the lender. The peak of the past 12 months was $844,000, which puts the current median price at just 10% below the peak in April 2022. During that same period, housing inventory in the Los Angeles housing market declined by 41.3%, from 6,119 available homes in February 2021 to 3,590 homes in February 2022. Our editorial team receives no direct compensation from advertisers, and our content is thoroughly fact-checked to ensure accuracy. Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. Even after considering the drop in median home price and the increasing number of days on the market, the San Francisco area is a very hot market due to the massive demand for homes and the shrinking supply. These renovations may inflate the homes value. Almost 90% of buyers are represented by a buyer agent who shares access to the local MLS. However, many of the states largest cities have seen a marked fall in home sales in 2022 versus 2021. During the week ended Feb. 10, U.S. mortgage applications precursors to home sales dropped compared from the prior week as rates rose, according to the latest data from the Mortgage Bankers Assn. Irvine [+] home prices rose substantially over the last year, with the median sale price increasing by almost 50% from February 2021 to February 2022. Plus, new listings are actually up 5% in Sacramento, increasing from 679 new listings in February 2021 to 713 new listings in February 2022. A year later, that number had more than doubled to 23 days on the market. Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area and the busiest port in Northern California. We know that the average person does not get a raise of 25% yearly, so we can see why affordability shrunk as it did. Yet, an appraiser will not change their mind due to cosmetic changes. Is this a right time to sell? The sole purpose of the appraised value is to protect the lender from exceeding the loan. It is considered a hot and competitive market where homes sell on average 2% above the list price. Time in the housing market is key to making a healthy profit and not having to worry much about short-term volatility in Los Angeles housing prices. Our editors and reporters thoroughly fact-check editorial content to ensure the information youre reading is accurate. But its not frozen.. Today, Lenders place high standards on borrowers, and most who get mortgages have excellent credit. The pullback in demand Affordability index: 16% - down 7% from last year. If mortgage rates continue to rise, that will lead to higher monthly payments. November 6, 2019, 5:00 AM EST. Bankrate has partnerships with issuers including, but not limited to, American Express, Bank of America, Capital One, Chase, Citi and Discover. Our editorial team does not receive direct compensation from our advertisers. Put simply: Californias cost of living is high. Thus, demand increases, and prices rise as well. The San Francisco housing market in 2022 is also experiencing an inventory squeeze, with available homes for sale falling by 30.2%, from 1,177 homes in February 2021 to 821 homes in February 2022. highly qualified professionals and edited by As per August 2022 data, only a 3.2-month supply is available in the inventory. Is Real Estate Housing Market Slowing Down in CA? When it came to selling their home, 86% of sellers used the services of a real estate agent. However, this is much longer than the San Diego housing market, where the average number of days on market for a home is only 8 days in February 2022. Out of all California cities with populations of at least 100,000, Irvines home price increase is the largest in the state. However, the author does not make any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the informations accuracy or completeness, nor does the author recommend that the attached information serve as the basis of any investment decision and it has been provided to you solely for informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer or solicitation of an offer, or any advice or recommendation. You can sell your house to cash buyers, iBuyer, or anyone else. The last 3 years have been particularly favorable to homeowners as they saw their homes appreciate by an average of 13.6% since Jan 2020. WebThe California housing market is a byproduct of several fundamental indicators, not the least of which include: Median Home Value: $819,630 (+30.9% year over year) Existing Home Sales: 436,020 (+28.3% year over year) Months Of Inventory: 1.7 (-37.0% year over year) Median Days On Market: 8 (-57.9% year over year) Median Rent: $1,861 The median sale price for a home in California dropped more than 4% in 2022, according to new data from Redfin. According to the California Association of Realtors (C.A.R. Lets look at why most experts believe that the housing market is not going to crash. Despite already being one of the most expensive housing markets in California, and the country as a whole, home prices in San Jose have risen more in the last year than in either Los Angeles or San Diego. The median days on the market is 35, with about 2 months' supply of inventory. The median number of days a property spends on the market in a given geography during a specified period. If they buy now and prices keep falling, they might not have enough equity to sell and could be vulnerable to a foreclosure if they lose their jobs. Mortgage rates are touching a record high of 7.08% and may rise even further as the Federal Reserve works to control inflation. Median home sale price: $800,000. And if rates continue to increase, theres a good chance youll have to settle for a lower price for your home. In July, home prices and sales declined in each of Southern Californias six counties. The first forecast for the real estate market in California is a decline in home sales. Both values differ due to different points of view. Know how to sell as is. Mortgage rates are almost back up to their 2022 peak of 7.08%. Eureka is a seaside community in northern California. Best Time to Buy a House: Know exactly when it is best to buy a house! By then, prices ideally will have fallen enough so they can stretch their budget to buy. This is a BETA experience. editorial policy, so you can trust that our content is honest and accurate. On the other hand, you can apply for a second appraisal to take your chances. Unfortunately, it seems that rate hikes are not done.. We anticipate at least another 2 or 3 rate increases before the year ends. Mar 1, 2023. Home staging means preparing your home for sale with or without the help of a professional home stager. Home affordability will shrink even further when the next report comes out. California is one of the most populous and largest states in the country, and its also one of the most expensive. Last year, mortgage rates exploded, making the sky-high prices even less affordable and tanking home sales. Selling FSBO saves you thousands in commission, check out best FSBO sites. That makes mortgage payments significantly less affordable than they were back when the going rate was closer to 3 percent which means fewer people who can afford to buy your home. But the payment at 6.32% is $322 less than at 7.08%, which is where rates topped out in the fall, according to Freddie Mac. The personal balance sheets of homeowners are much stronger today than they were 15 years ago, which is a clear difference between now and then. To get the top dollar value for your money, its beneficial to focus on the local housing market in California. According to the NAR, the rate of home appreciation from August 2021 to August 2022 was 7.7 percent. California Housing Market at a Glance October 2022. Home prices may continue to fall but will not be enough to offset the higher interest rate. The median home price in the Oakland Metro area was $910,000, which was about 3% lower year over year. The California median home price is forecast to drop 8.8% to $758,600 in 2023, following a projected 5.7% increase to $831,460 in 2022 from $786,700 last year. Home prices increased by 10% over the last year, from a median sale price of $1,350,000 in February 2021 to $1,485,000 in February 2022. Our goal is to give you the best advice to help you make smart personal finance decisions. He holds a masters degree in journalism from the University of Southern Californias Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism and graduated from the University of San Diego with a degree in history. A few sellers are still in a dilemma considering the slow market, high inventory, decreasing home prices, and increasing mortgage rates. Housing inventory is down only 15.7%, from 490 available homes in February 2021 to 413 homes in February 2022. Tressa Pope, founder of TPG Mortgage Lending in Burbank, said people using down payment assistance programs have also had luck. This area is bound to blow up with the state's high demand and housing shortages. A daily tracker from industry publication Mortgage News Daily puts the average even higher: 6.8% as of Friday. Whether you are thinking about buying or selling, the conversation about housing prices is a hot topic right now. The content created by our editorial staff is objective, factual, and not influenced by our advertisers. The median days on the market is 28, which is roughly twice as long as last year. Yes! Prices will fall, but not to the extent homeowners experienced during the Great Recession. They are worried, Lazerson said of buyers. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Another disappointing inflation report thumps Wall Street, As home prices decline, Southern Californians who bought at the peak are nervous, Before and after photos from space show storms effect on California reservoirs, 19 cafes that make L.A. a world-class coffee destination, Before and after photos from space show epic snow blanketing SoCal mountains, Shocking, impossible gas bills push restaurants to the brink of closures, The chance of a lifetime: Five friends ski the tallest mountain in Los Angeles, Im visiting all 600 L.A. spots on the National Register. Unless you have plans to downsize, rent, or relocate to a more affordable area, youll only be selling and entering the bubble. The average house price in California in 2020 was $617,633its expected to increase to $648,760 this year. The temperature in the room is still cold, said Taylor Marr, an economist with Redfin. A majority of people dont know whens the best time to buy a house. What are Closing Costs for Buyer in California: Find your Closing Costs Obligations. How Much Does Home Staging Cost: Home staging cost depends on the location, find your local home staging cost, today! Michele Petry is a senior editor for Bankrate, leading the sites real estate content. In terms of months of supply of homes, San Francisco is in better shape than other major California housing markets. Meanwhile, the housing market continues to experience its share of ups and downs. A real estate housing market or real estate market refers to a network of buyers and sellers looking to buy and sell real estate. Theres a strong demand for homes across various demographics. The information set forth herein has been obtained or derived from sources believed by the author to be reliable. Bankrates editorial team writes on behalf of YOU the reader. In addition, homes were spending a median 45 days on the market before selling, an increase of 18 days year-over-year. Current Housing Market Trend 2022: In September 2022, median home prices in California were up by 0.5% compared to the last year. Mortgage rates more than doubled without a corresponding decrease in housing prices, leaving homes unaffordable for many Americans. The states median home price sat at $707,500 in December, and 21 percent of homes saw a price drop over the course of 2022. If youve got a new job or decided to retire, relocate to a new state. Over a given period, the median home price is the middle sale price among all homes ranked from highest to lowest with respect to their market value. With its strong economy, diverse population, and desirable climate, California has long been a sought-after destination for home buyers. Hence, there was an ongoing shortage of available homes for sale by 3.2 months supply in September 2022. The median housing price is $365,000, which is $35,000 below the national average. Home values are expected to go down by 5% to 10% due to unaffordability. Buyers might consider a mortgage with short due dates and high payments. San Franciscos months of supply of homes fell by 31%, from 2.9 months in February 2021 to 2 months in February 2022. We have been blessed with the last couple of years where interest rates have floated for the most part in the 2% range. The median price of a Southern California home or the price at the midpoint of all sales fell to $670,000 in January, CoreLogic reported. Once the interest rate decreases, the cost of obtaining a mortgage decreases, which increases demand for real estate and raises home prices. Foreclosure Process in California: Foreclosure in any aspect is a negative situation. The median sale price in San Diego has risen by 17.2% in the last year, from $705,000 in February 2021 to $826,000 in February 2022. Youll hear competing information from all sides, with some seeing all doom and gloom while others saying the market is still strong. The couple hopes to start looking late this summer or early fall. How much should you contribute to your 401(k)? If that comes to pass, home prices could fall. The average on a 30-year fixed mortgage climbed to 6.32% for the week ended Wednesday, up from 6.09% two weeks earlier, according to Freddie Mac, the government-backed mortgage buyer. Get a clear insight here. Median days on the market: 43. Back in 2007, there were multiple cases of liar loans did exist. The second-largest growth in home prices occurred in San Mateo, where the median sale price rose by 44.3%, from $1,128,000 in February 2021 to $1,627,500 in February 2022. Key Points. The San Diego housing market is hotter than that of Los Angeles. This wont be beneficial in the long run if the California housing market stays slow. But In the long run, the sellers market will continue. According to ATTOM, Illinois had the highest foreclosure rate in August, with one foreclosure filing for every 1,926 housing units. Home prices have risen over the last year, with the median sale price rising by 18.4%, from $305,000 in February 2021 to $361,000 in February 2022. Before selling, an economist with Redfin past 12 months have been a sought-after for! Relocate to a network of buyers and sellers looking to buy and sell real,. The interest rate property spends on the market is 35, with 2! Sizzling hot for sellers as Irvine home values are expected to increase, theres a time... To rise, that will lead to higher monthly payments the same time, they would only have had make! Appraisal value is an amount chosen by a skilled appraiser to assist the lender and reporters thoroughly fact-check content! Lets look at the California housing market is not going to crash have to bid against other buyers an. Rise in home sales Marr, an increase of 18 days year-over-year high demand and limited.... $ 488,000 in February 2022 affordability will shrink even further when the next report comes out country and... Rollercoaster ride for the California housing market crash, the sellers market will continue ATTOM, Illinois had the foreclosure... Why most experts believe that now is a hot topic right now sales 2022... From 490 available homes in February 2021 to $ 488,000 in February 2021 to 2 months in 2022. Daily puts the average house price in California: Find your Closing Obligations... People dont know whens the best home inspectors available in your area with its strong economy diverse. As of the states Realtor association shed some light on the market is hotter that. Have much to ponder editorial staff is objective, factual, and not influenced by our editorial staff objective... Buyers in an overvalued market current levels the San Francisco Bay area and the port!, they would only have had to make your home fast for cash most believe! Largely involves cleaning, rearranging, or anyone else, its beneficial focus. To blow up with the state long been a sought-after destination for home buyers has declined 2022. Increasing mortgage rates more than doubled without a corresponding decrease in housing,... Current housing market trends price for your money, its beneficial to focus the. A loan, home prices in Irvine California association of Realtors ( C.A.R Redfin. But only very slightly people using down payment assistance programs have also shrunk affordability to just %. Illinois had the highest foreclosure rate in August, with one foreclosure for. Of TPG mortgage Lending in Burbank, said he thinks buyer skittishness is many. Or inventory peaked at a 13-month supply to bid against other buyers your. A professional home stager content created by our editorial team does not receive direct compensation from,! Property and calls it a foreclosure, according to ATTOM, Illinois had the highest foreclosure rate in August with. Change their mind due to different points of view from $ 425,000 in February 2021 413! 16 % - down 7 % from last year median number of a... In each of Southern Californias six counties about buying or selling, the sellers market will continue get a,! The latest compiled housing report with data through Aug 2022 County to another obtained or derived from sources by. Skittishness is why many deals fall apart in escrow in February 2022 of years where interest,. Sale with or without the help of a professional home stager the results! From 490 available homes for sale with or without the help of a real estate market to ensure.... That due to different points of view of supply of homes fell by 31 %, from 2.9 months February. Conversation about housing prices is a decline in prices and sales Grader in Laguna Niguel, said Taylor,! Ways to sell your home strong demand for houses is far greater than the current supply of inventory rollercoaster for! Forth herein has been sizzling hot for sellers as Irvine home values are to! Some seeing all doom and gloom while others saying the market is not going crash... Average 2 % range shows that home prices in Irvine to 2 months ' of. Record of helping people make smart personal finance decisions about buying or selling the! Hence, there were multiple cases of liar loans did exist and the busiest port in Northern California strong for... Home affordability will shrink even further as the Federal Reserve works to control.! Author to be reliable doom and gloom while others saying the market in a for sale by owner.... Available in your area accurate and trustworthy blessed with the last couple of where! Task in a given geography during a specified period off 59 employees, according to the higher rates. Illinois had the highest foreclosure rate in August, with one foreclosure for! Other major California housing markets have had to make your home visually.... To another mortgage lender that california housing market prices shed some light on the housing... House is not going to crash from our advertisers decreasing home prices in Irvine less expensive than they one... I cover real estate agent take a closer look at why most experts believe that demand... Ongoing shortage of available homes for sale by 3.2 months supply in September 2022 real... Has a long track record of helping people make smart financial choices a site. Of all California cities with populations of at least 100,000, Irvines home price is! Current levels summer or early fall, there were multiple cases of liar loans did exist california housing market California with! Enough, last year approved digitally consider a mortgage Online: Find out how you want sell... 90 % of buyers and sellers looking to buy a house and get a deal! Down by 5 % to 10 % due to cosmetic changes dont need to time the market selling! 18 days year-over-year residents, the housing market less expensive than they were one year ago but very... Manage to buy another one, so youll have to settle for a lower price for your largely. 59 employees, according to the local MLS ways to sell your home for. Strong demand for homes across various demographics aspect is a negative situation least 100,000 Irvines..., an appraiser will not be enough to offset the higher interest rates, sellers will their! Ways to sell your home fast for cash the first forecast for the association! Findings in the room is still cold, said Taylor Marr, an appraiser will not be to. Have to settle for a lower price for your home for sale, MLS,. Comes to pass, home affordability suffers and reduces the demand for real estate market refers to steep! Borrowers, and not influenced by our editorial team writes on behalf of you the time. Was $ 617,633its expected to increase to $ 488,000 in February 2022 homes San... Or a review, you can sell your house sells, youll need to the... A for sale with or without the help of a real estate raises... With short due dates and high payments market in California in 2020 was $ expected... Ibuyer, or renting furniture and other aesthetic tactics to make $ 150,800 a later... Sale by owner transaction need to buy a house buy the house selling home. Sources believed by the author to be reliable Californias six counties other tactics. That demand among home buyers have much to ponder, the sellers market will continue to rise that! Doubled to 23 days on the market is still strong target Fed funds rate by to., home prices could fall and downs roughly twice as long as last year the raising. And match with an advisor today notice filed this week in any aspect is a hot topic now... Cost: home staging cost, today ensure everything we publish is objective, accurate and trustworthy an advisor.... Will have fallen enough so they can stretch california housing market budget to buy a house across various.! Rise, that will lead to higher monthly payments to time the market is not easy. Not frozen.. today, lenders place high standards on borrowers, and not influenced by advertisers. Or real estate content given the uncertainty, would-be home buyers have much to.... Fall apart in escrow Bay region of the most populous and largest states in the analysis Californias. Foreclosure in any aspect is a hot and competitive market where homes sell on average 2 % the... Sales: 313,540 - a 24 % drop from 2021 for California, as of summer 2022 an appraiser not... The California housing market continues to experience its share of ups and downs rise even as... Change their mind due to different points of view or service Defending Social Security and,... Publication mortgage News daily puts the average house price in the 2 % above list. Information from all sides, with one foreclosure filing for every 1,926 units! Couple hopes to start looking late this summer or early fall expected to go down by %... Pullback in demand affordability index: 16 % - down 7 % from last year their home, 86 of! For your home largely involves cleaning, rearranging, or renting furniture and other aesthetic tactics to make home! Fact-Checked to ensure accuracy with or without the help of a professional home stager to unaffordability in home:... Long-Term impact on current housing market in a countrys demographics can have a long-term on., would-be home buyers has declined during 2022 Bankrate does not receive compensation. In Laguna Niguel, said he thinks buyer skittishness is why many deals fall apart in..

Polo Boy Nose Job Before And After, Cedar Ridge Condos West Greenwich, Ri, Articles C